Markowitz's mean-variance framework is mathematically elegant and practically treacherous. This post works through the geometry of the efficient frontier, the statistical nightmare of covariance estimation at scale, risk parity as the practitioner's escape hatch, and Python implementations that are honest about what "optimal" actually buys you in live trading.
Portfolio-Optimization
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Portfolio Optimization in Python: Mean-Variance, Risk Parity, and the Covariance Problem