Systematic Linux performance analysis: the USE method, CPU profiling with perf and flamegraphs, memory pressure with vmstat and /proc/meminfo, I/O profiling with iostat and blktrace, dynamic tracing with bpftrace one-liners, and strace for syscall inspection.
Perf
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Linux Performance Analysis -
perf: Linux's Best Profiler A practical guide to perf, the profiler that actually shows you what the CPU is doing — sampling, hardware counters, call graphs, and the workflows that feed flamegraphs — written for engineers starting serious Linux performance work.