MoE is now the default architecture for top-tier open models. This is how it actually works: router design, top-k token dispatch, auxiliary loss for load balancing, expert parallelism across GPUs, and what it means for inference serving — with DeepSeek-V3 and Mixtral as concrete case studies.
Mixtral
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Mixture of Experts Internals: Routing, Expert Parallelism, and Load Balancing