LoRaWAN sells itself as kilometers of range from a coin cell, and the pitch is true — but only because chirp spread spectrum trades bandwidth and airtime for link budget in ways most builders never think through. This post walks the CSS modulation, the spreading-factor and airtime math, the star-of-stars architecture, duty-cycle regulations, and where LoRaWAN genuinely beats Wi-Fi and cellular versus where the marketing outruns the physics.
Lpwan
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LoRaWAN for Long-Range IoT