Mitochondrial DNA was supposed to be a parts list for the cell's power plant, not a source of circulating hormones. MOTS-c broke that assumption in 2015, and a decade of exercise-mimetic hype has since outrun the one human trial that actually tested it. This is the mechanism, the mouse data everyone cites, the genetics story that didn't survive replication, and the grey-market vial trade running ahead of a peptide the FDA is only now getting around to reviewing.
Exercise-Mimetics
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MOTS-c and the Mitochondrial-Derived Peptide Frontier