Sodium-ion is not a worse lithium-ion. It is a different chemistry with a different cost structure that wins where energy density does not bind: grid storage, cold climates, and cheap short-range mobility. We walk the electrochemistry, the honest energy-density penalty, the genuine 2025-2026 deployments from CATL, BYD, and HiNa, and the one variable that decides whether it ever undercuts LFP: the price of lithium.
Electrochemistry
-
Sodium-Ion Batteries -
Solid-State Batteries: What Is Real, What Is Hype Solid-state batteries have been five years away for fifteen years and the marketing has not gotten more careful with time. We walk what the term actually means at the electrolyte level, the real manufacturing problems (dendrites, contact, stack pressure), what Toyota, QuantumScape, Samsung SDI, and CATL have actually shipped versus announced, and a calibrated timeline for products you can buy.