CAP and the more useful PACELC reformulation, the spectrum of consistency models from linearizable to causal to eventual, single-leader vs multi-leader vs leaderless replication, quorum reads and writes (R + W > N), read-your-writes and monotonic guarantees, conflict detection, and how real systems like PostgreSQL, DynamoDB, and Cassandra pick their points on the curve. What 'eventually consistent' actually costs you.
Consistency
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Consistency, CAP, and Replication: The Tradeoffs You Cannot Escape