When the rail collapses mid-write, an SSD has milliseconds to harden its volatile cache and its mapping tables before the lights go out. A tour of the hold-up energy problem, capacitor banks and 1/2 C V^2 sizing, what "data at rest" weasel-wording actually covers, the dangerous SLC-to-TLC folding window, and how to test PLP claims with a relay rig instead of trusting the datasheet.
Capacitors
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Power-Loss Protection -
The Capacitor Plague: How Stolen Electrolyte Killed a Decade of Hardware Between 1999 and 2007, millions of motherboards died of the same disease: electrolytic capacitors built on an incomplete stolen formula that brewed hydrogen gas until they burst. The full story — the chemistry, the espionage, Dell's $420 million cleanup, and what it still teaches anyone buying used hardware today.